<p>The Monument Square–Eagle Street Historic District is a historic district encompassing the civic heart of North Adams, Massachusetts. When it was originally designated in 1972, the district encompassed Monument Square &ndash; west of the intersection of Main Street and Church Street, and the location of a Civil War memorial &ndash; and the area around it. This designation included the North Adams Public Library , the First Baptist Church and First Congregational Church, and a block of shops Eagle Street. In 1988, the district&#39;s boundaries were increased to be roughly bounded by Holden, Center and Union Streets, the East Middle School , Summer Street, and Main Street.</p><br>
<p>North Adams was settled as part of Adams in the mid-18th century, and soon developed as an industrial village, powered by the waters of the two branches of the Hoosic River, which meet just northwest of its central business district. The waterfront areas were developed with mills producing a variety of goods, which were eventually dominated by textiles beginning in the mid-19th century. The central business district around Monument Square, were the towns Baptist Church was founded in 1808, led by Otis Blackinton, whose family would dominate the local industrial business landscape. Most of the citys business district was developed between about 1870 and 1920, the greatest period of its economic success. A major decline was begun by the Great Depression, resulting in little growth in subsequent decades.</p><br>
<p>Monument Mills are historic textile mills at Park and Front Streets in the Housatonic village of Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Developed beginning in the mid-19th century, they were a major American producer of jacquard fabrics, operating until 1955. The mill complexes were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Today, some parts of the complex houses artists and small businesses.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Monument Mills are a prominent central feature of Housatonic village, lining both sides of the Housatonic River, from which they initially drew their power. The number one mill is located near the northern end of the village, between the railroad tracks and the river&#39;s west bank. The number two mill is located on the east bank of the river, just north of Park Street bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Monument Mills Company operated a textile business at these sites between 1850 and 1955. The first mill, operating at the northern end of the complex, was fitted for cotton fabric production, and was joined by the second mill, under separate ownership, in 1866. The second mill specialized in the production of jacquard fabrics for bedspreads; its success prompted the first company to buy the second, and expand production. A decline in demand and changing tastes in textiles brought about reduced business, and the mills closed in 1955, which thereafter suffered from vacancy and neglect.</p><br>
<p>The company was also responsible for the construction of the Glendale Power House further up the Housatonic River in Stockbridge; this facility was one of the first hydroelectric power stations built to provide power for industrial work, and is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Plaza Substation was an electrical substation that formed a part of the "Yellow Car" streetcar system operated by the Los Angeles Railway from the early 1900s until 1963. After being threatened with demolition in the 1970s, the Plaza Substation was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of the substation</h2><br>
<p>In May 1903, Henry Huntington, owner of the Los Angeles Railway, announced plans to build a new substation near the old plaza. The Los Angeles Times reported: "Another mammoth electricity substation is to be constructed by the Los Angeles Railway Company. Its location will be on the Plaza, and its completion will mean a long step forward toward the perfection of a system that already is surpassed by few in this country." By 1905, the substation was operating, and the Times ran an article detailing the relationship between the railways four substations and its central power station at Sixth Street and Central Avenue. The Times described the role of the Plaza Substation this way:"From this place of manufacture, so to speak, the current is distributed to four other substations scattered over the city, known respectively as the Plaza, University, Westlake and South Park substations. In these there are no oil furnaces, boilers, or steam engines; only the electric current itself has to be dealt with, so that there is economy on the score both of plant and of labor. The central station, besides generating the electricity, also performs the work of a substation. It sends out about 40 per cent of the power used for the operation of the street cars on the Los Angeles Railway Companys system. The Plaza station, distributes the next 40 per cent used, while the three others combined account for the remaining 20 per cent."</p><br>
<h2>Closure of the Yellow Car system</h2><br>
<p>When the Yellow Cars stopped running in 1963, the building located along the citys old Mexican marketplace, Olvera Street, was converted to other uses. However, critics of the structure argued it was out of keeping with the pre-1900 flavor of Olvera Street and sought to remove it. In 1971, the Pueblo parks historian, Dr. Doyce Nunis, issued a report stating that the substation had "no identifiable historic value". Dr. Nunis wrote: "There was no identifiable distinguished architect involved (and) the design was commonplace."</p><br>
<h2>Debate over preservation</h2><br>
<p>After receiving the historians report, the citys Recreation and Parks Commission (with the support of Mayor Tom Bradley) voted 4-1 to demolish the building and replace it with a Mexican market and storage facility. At that point, Los Angeles Times architecture writer John Pastier published an article titled: "How Do You Make a Historical Monument? Tear Down a Historic Building?" Pastier noted that the Plaza Substation was the largest and most distinctive of the three surviving Yellow Car substations and urged the city to adapt the utilitarian structure into a tasteful tourist attraction as San Francisco had done with Ghirardelli Square and the Cannery. The State Park Departments director also stepped in opposing what he called the citys plan to turn the historic park into an amusement park. However, even the writers at the Times were divided over preservation of the substation, as another columnist sided with the city and wrote:"Saving the MTA Powerhouse in the Plaza is another debatable project. Is it worth a continuing place along Olvera Street because it was a substation for our early transit system? Because it survives as a sturdy example of good contractor&#39;s performance? Because it sits near so much important history? I think the substation is an excellent example of the way conserving can become a disease."</p><br>
<p>A group called Californians for Preservation Action filed a lawsuit seeking to prevent the building&#39;s demolition, and a state court judge issued a restraining order halting the demolition. Ultimately, the Plaza Substation was saved, and funds set aside for its rehabilitation, as part of a settlement agreement reached in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>The substation is one of the two buildings in the Los Angeles Plaza Historic District that is itself separately listed in the National Register of Historic Places, having been so listed in September 1978.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office &ndash; Los Angeles Terminal Annex, also known simply as Terminal Annex, located at 900 North Alameda Street in Los Angeles, California, was the central mail processing facility for Los Angeles, from 1940 to 1989.</p><br>
<p>Across Cesar Chavez Avenue from Union Station, the Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival building of Terminal Annex, which was designed by Gilbert Stanley Underwood, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and opening</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Gilbert Stanley Underwood, the Terminal Annex was built by the Sarver & Zoss contracting firm from 1939 to 1940. The building was built for the purpose of processing all incoming and outgoing mail in Los Angeles. Though its purpose was principally utilitarian, Underwood sought to keep the buildings design in keeping with the citys Union Station, which opened across the street in May 1939. The original building was a three-story structure with two towers and 400,000 ft&sup2; of floor space.</p><br>
<p>The $3 million postal annex opened in May 1940 with 1,632 postal clerks, carriers and laborers responsible for the processing of 2 million pieces of mail per day. The facility, which was kept open 24 hours a day, was equipped with the latest facilities for rapid handling of mail, including conveyors, chutes, weighing machines, cancelling machines, and sorting and facing tables. At the formal dedication ceremony in June 1940, the postmaster called the annex a symbol of the achievements of democracy, opening at a time when the monuments of Europe were "being ground in the dust."</p><br>
<h2>Expansion to meet increased volume</h2><br>
<p>Only ten years after its opening, the demands of the city&#39;s mail had already outgrown the facility. Accordingly, the Post Office announced plans in 1950 for a $12 million expansion, including an adjoining five-story parcel post building and other structures as well.</p><br>
<h2>Scandals and tragedies</h2><br>
<p>During nearly 50 years as the city&#39;s central postal processing facility, the Terminal Annex suffered a number of scandals and tragedies, including the following:</p><br>
<p>In 1954, two veteran postal employees were charged with being the ringleaders of two large bookmaking operations operating out of the Terminal Annex. Investigators alleged that 10-15 other employees were involved in the operations.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, a postal supervisor was shot and killed at the Terminal Annex by a disgruntled postal clerk. After the supervisor ordered the clerk to leave work for intoxication, the clerk waited outside the annex and shot the supervisor in the back three times as the supervisor ran toward the security desk, calling for help.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, a pipe bomb, wrapped in a package, exploded in a sorting room at the Terminal Annex, slightly injuring six postal workers.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, a malfunctioning voltage line in the basement of the Terminal Annex caused an -hour power blackout that halted operations at the facility. The power outage resulted in a one-day delay in the delivery of 1.5 million pieces of mail and was front-page news in the Los Angeles Times.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, 12 postal workers employed at the Terminal Annex were charged as alleged pushers of both powder and rock cocaine.</p><br>
<h2>Insufficient space leads to construction of South Los Angeles facility</h2><br>
<p>By the 1980s, the operations had outgrown even the expanded facilities at the Terminal Annex. The facilitys volume had grown by the mid-1980s to 14 million pieces of mail per day, and the annex was plagued by inadequate space, overcrowding and inadequate work areas. Accordingly, the Postal Service Board of Governors in 1984 approved the construction of a new $151 million general post office in South Los Angeles. Almost 50 years after Terminal Annex became the citys main mail-processing facility, the new processing facility in South Central opened in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The site is currently used as a data center.</p><br>
<p>As of December 2015 the lobby level houses a postal counter with stamp sales and provides mail pick-up for customers who rent mail boxes.</p><br>
<h2>Filming locations</h2><br>
<p>When the Postal Service moved out of the building in 1995, it was used as a film location for the motion picture Dear God in 1995 and for the CBS television series EZ Streets in 1996. Producers used the lobby, decorated with WPA murals, to represent City Hall.</p><br>
<p>It was also turned into a hospital, complete with an emergency room entrance, for the movie City of Angels.</p><br>
<h2>Data center</h2><br>
<p>Most of the building has been leased to CoreSite as their LA2 data center. Like all data centers, it is a secure facility, and not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Murals</h2><br>
<p>The lobby includes 12 Section of Painting and Sculpture murals painted by Boris Deutsch during 1941 to 1944.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>The Terminal Annex building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 based on its architectural style.</p><br>
<p>The John Street House is a historic home in Salem, Ohio. It was a stop on the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<h2>History and role in abolitionism</h2><br>
<p>Salem, Ohio, was a major nexus of corridors along the Underground Railroad. In the city itself, there were at least six stops, primarily in the southern half, located closest to the actual railroad lines. The John Street House is one of the northernmost stops in Salem.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1838, the building was initially constructed as the residence of John Street, a son of the city&#39;s co-founder, Zadok Street. The Street family were Quakers and active in the Western Anti-slavery Society, an abolitionist organization then headquartered in Salem. Interested in aiding fleeing slaves, the Streets altered their residence after its initial construction, and provided food and clandestine lodging in several hiding spaces throughout the house. In a windowless basement, fugitive slaves would sleep during the day and travel to another "station" on the Railroad by night. This location was connected by a tunnel built under what is now Ellsworth Avenue to the house across the street. The famous abolitionist John Brown was a frequent guest at the house.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>The John Street House is a private residence, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>The Nevins Memorial Library at 305 Broadway in Methuen, Massachusetts was built in 1883 to honor David Nevins, Sr. as a memorial gift from his wife Eliza Nevins , his elder son David Nevins, Jr., and his younger son Henry Coffin Nevins. The library is located at 305 Broadway in Methuen and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Nevins Memorial Library offers resources including free Wi-Fi internet access, book clubs, an outreach program to deliver books and media for homebound individuals, and so on. The library is also the custodian of the Nevins Memorial Library Historic Collection, much of which is in storage and for which viewing appointments should be made. The collection includes manuscripts and printed materials, genealogical resources, vital records, assorted objet d&#39;art and collectables, and the stained glass windows of the library itself.</p><br>
<p>New Yorks historic Putnam County Courthouse is located on Gleneida Avenue  across from the eastern terminus of NY 301 in downtown Carmel, the county seat, overlooking Lake Gleneida. First built in 1814, two years after the county itself was established, it is the second-oldest county courthouse still in use in the state after Fulton Countys.</p><br>
<p>In 1847 it was renovated extensively. At that time the Classical Revival portico and columns were added. Architect James Townsend used commercially available (although inexact) copies of the Corinthian capitals from the Monument of Lysicrates in Athens. For this and its historic importance in the county&#39;s history it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is a two-story, 5-by-8-bay rectangular gable-roofed frame building, with clapboard siding on the north and south sides and horizontal planks on its west (front) facade. The pedimented gable is supported by the four Corinthian columns, behind which is the main entrance, with molded classical detail. Similar ornamentation can be found on the window lintels. The two front corners have large pilasters; the original stone plinth blocks have been replaced with concrete copies and the astragals taken down to help prevent dry rot in the columns.</p><br>
<p>The stone walls of the original county jail are still visible on the south side. A two-bay east wing, added later, extends from the rear. A cupola is atop the roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the New York state legislature divided Putnam County from Dutchess to its north in 1812, it required the creation of two courts. Trials were held in Carmels Baptist meeting house until a courthouse could be built. After three months, one state legislator who had voted for Putnam Countys creation, Robert Weeks, sold it a one-half acre (2,000 m²) lot in the middle of Carmel.</p><br>
<p>A local builder and iron miner, General James Townsend, was hired for the job. He finished it two years later for just under $4,000, using some of his locally mined ironwork, which still remains in the jail section. It opened for court on February 15, 1815.</p><br>
<p>The county grew, and by the 1840s the original courthouse could not handle its workload. Officials initially decided to build a second one in Cold Spring, at the other end of the road that became Route 301, on the Hudson River where much of the countys population was. But a deed restriction in the original land acquisition forbade the county from building its courthouse anywhere but the original land, and so the existing courthouse was renovated and expanded into todays structure. The Corinthian column capitals, popular in pattern books of the time, were likely carved in New York City and shipped to Carmel, as they were for many other buildings in the lower and mid-Hudson where similar capitals have been found.</p><br>
<p>In 1855 another jail wing was built to replace the one on the northeast corner. The county sheriff began living in the building at this time, and it became a tradition for his wife to cook food for the jail inmates. Another jail wing was built in 1907.</p><br>
<p>A fire in 1924 destroyed most of the upper story, but it was rebuilt to its original appearance. Repairs could do nothing about the building&#39;s age, however, and by the later 20th century some degradation was becoming apparent. The sheriffs and their wives moved out in 1966, and eleven years later the jail itself was closed. In December 1988, it was closed for repairs, ending 174 years of continuous use.</p><br>
<p>The repairs took six years, longer than expected, due to many problems encountered during the process. Since it reopened in 1994, it has been home to two of the county&#39;s judges and their chambers. The old jail cells have been used mainly as storage space. A newer, more modern court facility was built behind the Putnam County Office Building and opened January 2, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Although the new County Courthouse opened in 2008, the Historic Courthouse is still used for the Surrogates Court and the main courtroom is also used as the legislative chambers of the Putnam County Legislature.</p><br>
<p>The Van Buren Place Historic District is located in the West Adams district of Los Angeles, California.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>A designated Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it is located in the West Adams district of Los Angeles. It consists of the 2600 block of Van Buren Place.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Van Buren Place Historic District consists of Craftsman, Shingle-Craftsman and Tudor-Craftsman style homes built between 1903 and 1916. The area was founded by Percy H. Clark who built six of the homes.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the district is was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, the Percy H. Clark Residence, located at 2639 S. Van Buren Place, was designated as Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument #672.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, the Furlong house, located at 2657 S. Van Buren Place, was designated as Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument #678.</p><br>
<p>The United States Air Force Academy, Cadet Area is a portion of the United States Air Force Academy near Colorado Springs, Colorado. Its use of modern architecture stands in contrast with the very traditional designs of West Point and the United States Naval Academy. It was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 2004 for its landscape, architecture, and historic importance as a military academy.</p><br>
<p>The buildings in the Cadet Area were designed in a distinct, modernist style, and make extensive use of aluminum on building exteriors, suggesting the outer skin of aircraft or spacecraft. The elevation is approximately 7,200 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>The Terrazzo</h2><br>
<p>The main buildings in the Cadet Area are set around a large, square pavilion known as The Terrazzo. The name comes from the fact that the walkways are made of terrazzo tiles, set among a checkerboard of marble strips. The east quarter of the Terrazzo, known as the "Air Gardens," is a 700 ft space with an ordered geometry of lighted pools, lowered grass sections and maze-like walkways. The Terrazzo area was designed by landscape architect Dan Kiley.</p><br>
<p>The center of the Cadet Area was originally a wooded, sloping hill that extended from the middle of the Terrazzo south to the valley below, creating a blend of natural and man-made environments. With the building of Sijan Hall on the south side of the Terrazzo in 1968, the Terrazzo area was effectively enclosed into a large quadrangle, and this natural part of the landscape was eliminated. Only the top of the hill, now known as "Spirit Hill", remains in the central grassy area of the Terrazzo.</p><br>
<h2>Cadet Chapel</h2><br>
<p>The most recognizable building in the Cadet Area is the 17-spired Cadet Chapel. The subject of controversy when built, it is now considered among the most beautiful examples of modern American academic architecture. The structure consists of 100 identical aluminum tetrahedrons, with colored glass in the spaces between the tetrahedrons. The chapel reaches a height of with an overall length of and a width of</p><br>
<p>Architect Walter Netsch said he was inspired in his design by the Sainte-Chapelle cathedral in Paris, the Cathedral of Chartres and the Basilica of San Francesco d&#39;Assisi in Italy.Elizabeth Gill Lui, Spirit and Flight: A Photographic Salute to the United States Air Force Academy, 1996. ( Built on two levels, the upper portion houses a 1,300-seat multi-denomination Protestant chapel; downstairs are a 500-seat Catholic chapel, a 100-seat Jewish chapel, and interfaith rooms used for services of other religions.</p><br>
<h2>Dormitories</h2><br>
<p>Cadets live in two dormitories, Vandenberg Hall and Sijan Hall. The former is the original dormitory and honors General Hoyt Vandenberg, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force from 1948 to 1953. Sijan Hall was built on the south side of the Cadet Area in 1968, in order to accommodate the expansion of the Cadet Wing to a strength of 4,417 cadets. Known simply as the "New Dorm" until its dedication on May 31, 1976, it was named after Captain Lance Sijan &#39;65, the first USAFA graduate to be awarded the Medal of Honor.</p><br>
<h2>Academic buildings</h2><br>
<p>Several buildings in the Cadet Area are used for academics. Fairchild Hall, named after General Muir S. Fairchild, the first commander of Air University and later Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force, is the main academic building. Fairchild Hall houses academic classrooms, laboratories, research facilities, faculty offices. The Robert F. McDermott Library is a separate building.</p><br>
<p>The Aeronautics Research Center (also known as the "Aero Lab") is just south of Fairchild Hall and contains numerous aeronautical research facilities, including transonic, subsonic, low speed and cascade wind tunnels, engine and rocket test cells and simulators.</p><br>
<p>The Consolidated Education and Training Facility (CETF) was built in 1997 as an annex to Fairchild Hall. It contains chemistry and biology classrooms and labs, medical and dental clinics and civil engineering and astronautics laboratories. The Cadet Area also contains an observatory and a planetarium for academic use.</p><br>
<h2>Dining and entertainment facilities</h2><br>
<p>Mitchell Hall, named after air power pioneer Brigadier General William "Billy" Mitchell, is the cadet dining facility, which has the ability to feed the entire Cadet Wing at one time.</p><br>
<p>The cadet social center is Arnold Hall, named after General of the Air Force Henry H. "Hap" Arnold, commanding general of the USA Army Air Forces during World War II. Arnold Hall is located just outside the Cadet Area and houses a 3,000-seat theater, ballroom, and a number of lounge and recreation facilities for cadets and visitors.</p><br>
<h2>Administration building</h2><br>
<p>Harmon Hall is the primary administration building, which houses the offices of the Superintendent and supporting staff. It is named after Lieutenant General Hubert R. Harmon, the academy&#39;s first superintendent (1954–1956).</p><br>
<h2>Sports facilities</h2><br>
<p>The Cadet Area also contains extensive facilities for use by cadets participating in intercollegiate athletics, intramural athletics, physical education classes and other physical training. Set amid numerous outdoor athletic fields, the Cadet Gymnasium contains basketball gyms, indoor tennis courts, an Olympic-size swimming and diving pool, a water polo pool, numerous squash and racquetball courts, two weight-training rooms with state-of-the-art equipment and specialized facilities for volleyball, fencing, gymnastics, boxing, and the rifle team. The gymnasium also houses a human performance laboratory complete with hydrostatic weighing equipment, sports psychology and vision testing capabilities and aerobic testing equipment, including an elevation chamber.</p><br>
<p>The Cadet Fieldhouse contains the 6,000-seat Clune Arena (named after long-time USAFA Director of Athletics Colonel John J. Clune), a 2,600-seat ice hockey rink and an indoor track that doubles as a practice facility for a number of sports throughout the year.</p><br>
<p>The Hawkins House, also known as the Cantrill House, is a historic building on East Jackson Street in Georgetown, Kentucky. The structure has been used as a ropewalk, a dormitory for women at Georgetown Female Seminary, and a residential dwelling. During the past 180 years, Georgetown College has bought and sold the property three times. The property was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on April 2, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1784, Elijah Craig established the town of Lebanon, Virginia in an area of Kentucky now known as Scott County. As a tribute to the first President of the United States, George Washington, the name was changed to George Town in 1790, and later shortened to Georgetown. The town was centered around Royal Spring, a large spring that was a reliable source of water for the residents and industry in the area. Hemp was one of earliest successful industries in Georgetown. In 1789, Craig founded one of the earliest successful ropewalks in Kentucky.</p><br>
<h3>Ropewalk and bagging factory</h3><br>
<p>Early property records show that the land where the Hawkins House sits belonged to the Hawkins family and was referred to as "ropewalk alley". Taking full advantage of the plentiful hemp crops in Scott County, Thomas Hawkins established a ropewalk and bagging factory on the property. Land deeds show that the property continued to be used as a hemp establishment as late as the 1850s.</p><br>
<h3>Georgetown College</h3><br>
<p>Georgetown College bought and sold the building three times. First, in August 1830, after the decision was made to establish a Baptist college in Georgetown, the building was the first property bought by the new institution. After other land was secured for the new school, the property was sold to Joseph Lemon who returned the building to its prior use as a ropewalk and bagging factory. Georgetown College acquired the property for the second time in 1853 from E.N. Eliot. The school held the property until 1858 and used it first as the college presidents house and then later as a mens dormitory called Judson Hall. The college bought the house for the last time in 1930 from W.E. Haynes and his wife Frances (Wood) and sold it the next year to Mary Garth Hawkins.</p><br>
<h3>Residential dwelling</h3><br>
<p>After being used for commercial purposes in the early years, during later years the Hawkins House was used as a residential dwelling for many well known Scott County families. In 1858, J.J. Rucker, a professor of mathematics, purchased the property for use as a home. Dr. J. Campbell Cantrill and his wife resided in the house.</p><br>
<h3>Georgetown Female Seminary</h3><br>
<p>When Georgetown Female Seminary building burned beyond use, J.J. Rucker used his home, the Hawkins House, to house the women. Sallie Rochester Ford, a graduate of the seminary, became a writer and newspaper editor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Hawkins House has a central section with two-bay wings attached on both sides to central area.</p><br>
<p>The oldest section of the Hawkins House is the west wing of the structure, and includes six-panel doors and a simple fireplace mantel indicating a construction date as early as 1790. This part of the building has a freestanding chimney and staircase that are independent from the rest of the structure. The east wing of the house has reeded recesses, and reeding on the chair rail and mantels indicating a later construction date.</p><br>
<p>Henry C. Nevins Home for Aged and Incurables was built in 1906 in Methuen, Massachusetts. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It and the Nevins Memorial Library, located at 305 Broadway were built by for Henry C. Nevins and his family as a memorial to his father, David C. Nevins, Sr. Both buildings were listed on the National Register on the same day.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Nevins Home was built on the site of the home of Charles Ingalls, one of Methuen&#39;s early hat manufacturers. The property was acquired in 1905 by the executors for the estate of Julie F. H. Nevins who died in 1904. Mrs. Nevins left $100,000, plus an endowment, for construction of the Henry C. Nevins Home for Aged and Incurable. Ground breaking began in June 1905 and dedication of the new facility took place in July of the following year.</p><br>
<p>The home was designed by Harris M. Stephenson, Boston architect.</p><br>
<h2>Current Use</h2><br>
<p>The original Nevins Home remained in operation from 1906 until 1997 when it was renovated to provide 44 studio and one bedroom HUD-subsidized apartments for the elderly. A much larger modern nursing care facility was constructed behind the original structure. The facility remains the center piece of the, a non-profit organization still serving the Merrimack Valley.</p><br>
<p>Villa Bonita is an historic apartment building on Hillcrest Road in Hollywood, California. The building is located a short walk from the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue, just north of Franklin Avenue and west of Highland. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 based on its architecture.</p><br>
<p>Designed by local architect Frank Webster in 1929, the buildings owner was Sidney Ullman, Rudolph Valentinos business manager and agent. Like many in the industry, Ullman used his profits to invest in real estate. This tremendous source of capital enabled Hollywood buildings to exercise their creativity without regard to cost, as each builder tried to outdo the others. Local architect Frank Webster designed this building, which was built at a cost of $75,000 in May 1929.</p><br>
<p>Villa Bonita is a seven-story residential apartment building exhibiting character-defining features of the Spanish Colonial Revival style. Alterations include the addition of a penthouse and a metal roof sign in the early 1930s and addition of a sunroom in 1989. The quality of detailing throughout the structure is remarkable for a building of its size, making it a prime representative example of multi-unit housing in Hollywood during its prime period of significance.</p><br>
<p>The seven-floor building was originally built for the cast and crew of director Cecil B. DeMille. Since then, it has housed the likes of Errol Flynn and Francis Ford Coppola. Although Villa Bonita residents held a variety of jobs, tenants of the building, particularly in the 1930s and 1940s, tended to be employed in the local entertainment industry as artists, singers, musicians, film corporation executives, etc. For example, Ethelind Terry is recorded in the 1939 Los Angeles City Directory as residing in the Villa Bonita. She was an opera and musical comedy actress starring in several productions, including “Sons O’ Guns” at the Carthay Circle Theater in Los Angeles in 1932, and “Rio Rita” on Broadway in New York City. The proximity of Villa Bonita to Hollywood’s core commercial and entertainment district made 1817 Hillcrest Road a desirable address for those working in the local industry.</p><br>
<p>Architect Frank Webster embraced the turn-of-the-20th-century period revival-style architecture trend with his design for Villa Bonita. Webster lived and worked in the Los Angeles area, completing designs for a variety of buildings in Southern California, including a two-story multifamily residential building located at 2601-11 Beachwood Drive in Hollywood (c. 1926), a three-story hotel in Topanga Canyon (c. 1925), several buildings in Santa Monica, and a five-story hotel and apartment building in San Diego (c. 1925). Due to the lack of scholarship regarding his work, it is difficult both to assess the extent of Webster’s architectural impact on Southern California and whether or not the buildings identified above are extant. The Villa Bonita, however, appears to be among his significant work.</p><br>
<p>The building has a small lobby with marble floor, ornate moldings and brackets, and original chandelier. Metal mailboxes occupy a portion of the north wall. An original paneled elevator and a central stairway provide access to the upper floors. The building is bisected by an east-west hallway. Each of the 24 apartments contain a dining area, kitchens with breakfast nooks, and baths. Interiors are largely intact, featuring casement windows; entry has original cabinetry and hardware. A low wall surmounted by an ornamental iron fence encloses a small landscaped courtyard at the front of the building. No other features are present within the boundaries.</p><br>
<p>Other tenants: Emma Dunn, Carl Held (apt. 51), Lois Collier and film director Walter Bacon.</p><br>
<p>A photography book about the building titled Villa Bonita by photographer Pamela Littky with text from Cameron Crowe was released in 2016.</p><br>
<p>See also:</p><br>
<p>List of Registered Historic Places in Los Angeles</p><br>
<p>List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Hollywood</p><br>
<p>Hollywood Heights, Los Angeles</p><br>
<p>The South Bonnie Brae Tract Historic District is a historic district of Victorian houses in Los Angeles, California, along the 1000 block of South Bonnie Brae Street and the 1800 block of West 11th Street in the Pico Union section of the city. The homes in the district date to the 1890s and reflect Queen Anne and Colonial Revival architecture. Based on its well-preserved period architecture, the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The listing included 15 contributing buildings on 3.2 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Athletic Model Guild was located in the district at the intersection of 11th and Bonnie Brae Streets.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Aleander Kelley Hackett House is a historic Craftsman-style house in the Pico-Union neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Built in 1901, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in May 2003 based on its well-preserved Craftsman architecture.</p><br>
<p>It was built around 1904, as possibly the first house built on Westlake Avenue between Alvarado Street and Pico Boulevard. It is a two-and-a-half-story early Arts and Crafts-style house.</p><br>
<p>The Machell-Seaman House, also known as the Seaman House and the Seaman-Foshay House, is a Queen Anne-Eastlake style Victorian house in the West Adams section of Los Angeles, California. The house was built in 1888 and designed by architect Joseph Cather Newsom. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 based on its well-preserved architecture. In 1989, it was declared a Historic-Cultural Monument  by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission.</p><br>
<p>The Menlo Avenue–West Twenty-ninth Street Historic District is a historic district in the North University Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, which is itself part of the city&#39;s West Adams district. The area consists of late Victorian and Craftsman-style homes dating back to 1896. The area is bounded by West Adams Boulevard on the north, Ellendale on the east, West Thirtieth Street on the south, and Vermont Avenue to the west. The district is noted for its well-preserved period architecture, reflecting the transition from late Victorian and shingle-styles to the American Craftsman style that took hold in Southern California in the early 1900s. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Houses of the district</h2><br>
<p>There are more than 50 historic homes in the Menlo Avenue–West Twenty-ninth Street Historic District, representing a variety of architectural styles from the turn of the 20th century. A sampling of the architecturally significant homes in the district include the following:</p><br>
<p>House at 2630 South Menlo Avenue — This -story Craftsman-style house, built in approximately 1899, is characterized by its asymmetrical facade and its medium-pitched gable roof. The house has been altered by partial enclosure of the porch and a change of use to a boarding house.</p><br>
<p>House at 2631 South Menlo Avenue — This -story Craftsman-style home was built in approximately 1903. It is built with a square plan and has Tudor detailing. The exterior walls are of cut stone on the first floor and shingles on the second floor. Its stone facing and Tudor details add to the diversity of the transitional Craftsman residences in the district.</p><br>
<p>House at 2643 South Menlo Avenue — This large, 4,186 ft&sup2, -story house was built in 1903 and designed by the prominent architectural firm of Hunt and Eager (Sumner Hunt and Abraham Wesley Eager). It has a square shape and is influenced by the Classical Revival style. The steep-pitched truncated roof is topped with a balustrade of turned spindles.</p><br>
<p>House at 2646 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story house has been described as having an irregular and eclectic design. It was built by William F. West in approximately 1897.</p><br>
<p>House at 2663 South Menlo Avenue — This -story transitional Craftsman house was built in approximately 1896. It is an example of the Tudor influence on the transitional Craftsman style. It has a generally symmetrical facade with a steep-pitched gable roof and slant oriel windows. It was converted to apartments in 1920, and alterations include enclosure of the outer end of the porch, additional of four rear porches, and extensive interior changes to convert the structure into multi-family housing.</p><br>
<p>House at 2666 South Menlo Avenue — This -story house, built in approximately 1897, is an irregular and transitional design that has been described as having elements of Craftsman, shingle and Richardsonian influences.</p><br>
<p>House at 2679 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story residence, built in approximately 1901, is said to be an example of the "Classic Box" design. The 3,314 ft&sup2; home has a generally square-shaped plan and is influenced by the Classical style. The original owner was Florence Scarborough, who was a contralto singer who studied music in Italy and was music director at the Bnai Brith Temple at 9th and Hope Streets. Her husband, James Scarborough, was a lawyer and special counsel to many Los Angeles corporations.</p><br>
<p>House at 2706 South Menlo Avenue — This -story house built in 1904 is a good example of the Craftsman-style residence with Alpine chalet elements.</p><br>
<p>House at 2712 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story residence was built in approximately 1897 and is said to have been influenced by the simplified Classical Revival style. It has an asymmetrical facade and a high-pitched hip roof with flared ends. The building has been altered by enclosure of the front porch.</p><br>
<p>House at 2723 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story house is possibly the oldest building on Menlo Avenue, having been built in approximately 1897. It is a good, unaltered example of a Victorian house with Italianate influences. By 1902, it was being used as a boarding house.</p><br>
<p>House at 2801 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story residence was built before 1901It has a steep-pitched gable roof, a full-length projecting porch, and round porch columns. Every Nation ministries rented the house for almost two decades, beginning in the 1980s and going through the 2000s.</p><br>
<p>House at 2803 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story residence was built in approximately 1897 and is said to be influenced by the shingle-style. It has a pyramidal roof, an inset porch behind two tapered columns, and a two-story slant bay.</p><br>
<p>House at 2811–2813 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story residence was built in 1898 and has clapboard walls at the first floor and shingle at the second floor. It has an irregular plan designed in the shingle style. It has a two-story overhanging Dutch gambrel gable that projects from the main plane of the facade and a truncated pyramidal roof. There is a patterned shingle design around the oval roof ventilator in the gable wall. The house was converted into a duplex in 1912.</p><br>
<p>House at 2824 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story residence was built prior to 1901 and has been described as having a shingle-style design.</p><br>
<p>House at 2827 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story home, built in 1898, is a good example of shingle-style architecture. It has a generally square plan, and its prominent features include a steep pitched gable roof on the right side of the house with the ridge parallel to the front and a prominent front facing gable wall that originates over an inset entrance porch. On the left side of the house, there is a curved first-floor bay topped by a balcony.</p><br>
<p>House at 2833 South Menlo Avenue — This two-story house, built in approximately 1899, has an asymmetrical facade with a Dutch gambrel roof and an offset porch with a pediment and classical columns. The original occupant of the home was Jennie V. Mitchell, who was listed in the Pioneers of Beaver Valley and in the Negro Trail Blazers of California.</p><br>
<p>House at 2615 Ellendale Place — This two-story Spanish Colonia Revival house was built in approximately 1908. It is located at the corner of Ellendale Place and West Adams Boulevard. It was later converted into a fraternity house for the USC chapter of Alpha Gamma Omega and later became a sorority house.</p><br>
<p>House at 2832 Menlo Avenue - This two-story turn of the century brick and wood home was built around 1908, and lies in the historical housing district of South LA. This house was used in several scenes in the 2004 film National Treasure. In 2016, the property was reported by the Los Angeles Neighborhood Watch Annual Report as having the highest number of noise complaints in the 90007 area code.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of houses</h2><br>
<p>The Holmes-Shannon House is a Craftsman style home with Tudor influences in Los Angeles, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1911 in the Victoria Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Designed by Robert Farquhar Train and Robert Edmund Williams, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in March 2008 based on its well-preserved Craftsman architecture. It is also listed as a Historic-Cultural Monument by the City of Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission, which described it as "a residential building designed in the Tudor-Craftsman style by a prominent firm and reflective of the development of Victoria Park".</p><br>
<h2>In media</h2><br>
<p>Modern Family (2012 episode) - The interior was used in the fourth season episode "Open House of Horrors". (The exterior was shot at the Miller and Herriott House in North University Park.)</p><br>
<p>The Hackensack Water Company Complex is a set of historic buildings in Weehawken, New Jersey, registered in the USA National Register of Historic Places. The Hackensack Water Company, a predecessor of Suez North America, developed water supply and storage in northeastern New Jersey from the 1870s to the 1970s, initially to provide service to the city of Hackensack and the towns of North Hudson. Originally its headquarters and major facilities were located at Hackensack, in Bergen County. Under Robert W. de Forest, who ran the Hackensack Water Company for 46 years beginning in 1881, the company constructed new facilities and moved its headquarters to Weehawken in Hudson County, setting up offices in a brick water tower, part of the present complex.</p><br>
<h2>Weehawken Water Tower</h2><br>
<p>The headquarters&#39; most distinguishing feature, the red brick Weehawken Water Tower, was built in 1883 on what is now Park Avenue, on the border of Union City. Designed by Frederick Clarke Withers, it was modeled after the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy. The tower stands 175 feet high, 300 feet above sea level at the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>The tower was connected to Reservoir No.1 atop the Hudson Palisades to which water was pumped from the Hackensack River, about 14 miles away. While the reservoir at the site could provide adequate pressure for water users in Hoboken, located just above sea level, water pressure was inadequate for customers atop the Palisades.</p><br>
<p>The tower was designed to accomplish two purposes. First, it housed the local headquarters of the Hackensack Water Company; second, it held up to 165,000 gallons of potable water in its tank, stored under pressure for use by residents, businesses, and for fighting fires. Its opening on September 29, 1883 was a major event, professional journals recognized Withers for the innovation of his design. The "Red Tower" is listed on the Federal Maritime Chart as a landmark for ships heading south on the Hudson River to let them know that they are approaching New York Harbor.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, which spared it from demolition, after which it was structurally maintained. Entin Associates, a real-estate developer, purchased the complex in 1981 for $1.6 million. The gatehouse and reservoir were razed for the construction of a supermarket and parking. The tower was spared demolition and structurally maintained.</p><br>
<p>The township of Weehawken took over the property in 2000, and began a restoration project for Water Tower Park. Paragon Restoration Corporation completed eight months of restoration on the sites exteriors in September 2004, with slate replaced on the roof, stonework fixed at the base and windows replaced. New steel supports and wood floors were installed in the interior, and space was left to accommodate an elevator and fire staircase. In October 2005, a plaza park was created at the base of the tower. The interior of the tower was restored in the late 2000s. In 2010, as part of the towns 150th anniversary, interior brickwork was cleaned while maintaining its historical appearance. In 2014, Mayor Richard Turner opened up the Water Tower for the annual three-week-long PlayWorks reading series, in which playwrights present readings of their unfinished plays, which celebrated the first time the restored tower had been used in over 100 years.</p><br>
<p>In September 2014, Justin Casquejo, a thrill-seeking teenage free solo climber and stunt performer hung from the tower, and was charged with defiant trespassing and resisting arrest.</p><br>
<h2>Hackensack Reservoir No. 2-Reservoir Park</h2><br>
<p>Hackensack Reservoir No. 2 was another component of the water company&#39;s system in the township, later owned by its successor, United Water. The site, slightly more than 14 acres and the largest piece of undeveloped property in North Hudson, is located in Weehawken Heights and is bounded by Highpoint Avenue, Gregory Avenue, 20th Street, and Palisade Avenue, the latter two of which create the border with neighboring Union City. It was built during a period of extensive urbanization of the area in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The historical marker reads:</p><br>
<p>United Water announced that it wanted to divest most of the property in early 2011 at an unofficial price of $11.5 million. The company will retain 4.2 acres to build an underground water storage tank to improve water pressure, estimated to cost $25 to $30 million. The Trust for Public Land, which appraised the site, arranged to postpone the sale of the reservoir until the end of the year.</p><br>
<p>In 2010 the township began a process to purchase the grounds. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection gave the township a $2 million grant in Green Acres funding. A $9 million low interest loan from the department&#39;s infrastructure trust program was made with the intention that in the future, as funding permits, additional grants for re-payment would be made. No interest has to be paid on three-quarters of the money and minimal interest on the other one-quarter. The township introduced a bond for $9.2 million. Weehawken and Union City are initially investing $300,000 to transform the grounds into passive recreational space. They will share the annual upkeep of the property. The completed sale was announced in December 2011. The park opened in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Jersey City Reservoir No. 3</h2><br>
<p>While not originally part of the Hackensack Water Company infrastructure, another reservoir atop the Hudson Palisades is Jersey City Reservoir No. 3, which also developed at the end of the 19th century in Jersey City Heights, Jersey City. Tt was closed to the public in the 1970s, and its usage as a municipal water source ended in 1992. Since 2007 it has preserved the open reservoir for the public use as a wild life management area adjacent to Pershing Field. Nearby Reservoir #1 was located on either side of Summit Avenue, and has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Eaton, Crane & Pike Company Factory, once the Terry Clock Company Factory is a historic former factory complex in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Developed over a period of years between 1883 and 1967, the complex was home to one of Pittsfield&#39;s major paper concerns, and a significant local employer. Now converted to mixed residential and light industrial use, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Eaton factory complex is a series of connected brick buildings, set overlooking a bend in the Housatonic River southwest of downtown Pittsfield. The property is bounded on the north by railroad tracks, and was historically bounded on the east and south by a worker housing area; the latter has largely been obliterated by urban renewal activities. There are nine distinct structures in the interconnected complex, ranging in height from three to eight stories. The most prominent and visually distinctive element is the central clocktower, a 3-1/2 story mansard-roofed structure topped by a flagpole and iron cresting. It was built in 1883, and is one of the oldest surviving elements of the complex.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the factory was built in 1883 by the Terry Clock Company, which had its origins in the manufacture of clocks by Eli Terry in 1793. That company and its successors owned the facility until 1893, when it was purchased by the Hurlbut Paper Company, which founded a stationery division on the premises headed by Arthur W. Eaton. Hurlbut was acquired by the American Writing Paper Company, but did not want to keep the stationery division, which Eaton and other investors purchased. After a major investment by Crane & Co. principals in 1908, the company was renamed Eaton, Crane & Pike, eventually shortened to just Eaton in 1934. The company was successful until the 1950s, when a general decline in letter-writing led to reduced demand for its products. After several changes of ownership, it was finally closed in 1987. The plant was soon afterward converted into a combination of residential and mixed industrial uses.</p><br>
<p>The New Boston Inn is a historic inn at 101 North Main Street, the junction of Massachusetts Routes 8 and 57 in the center of the New Boston village of Sandisfield, Massachusetts. With a construction history dating back to c. 1750, it is one of the oldest buildings in the town, and a prominent local example of Federal period architecture. It has served as a traveler accommodation of some sort for over two centuries. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The New Boston Inn occupies a prominent location in the center of New Boston village, at the northwest corner of Routes 8 and 57. Both roads are historically old roads, and the bridge over the West Branch Farmington River just to the inn&#39;s east is at the site of one of the first bridges to be built in what is now Sandisfield. The inn is a -story clapboarded wood-frame structure with Federal period styling. Its main entrance is flanked by sidelights and topped by an entablature, with a Palladian window in the second floor above. Inside, the second-floor ballroom is noted for arched ceiling. Extending west, and facing Route 57, is a two-story ell that is probably the oldest portion of the building. Extending northward from that ell is another long two-story ell.</p><br>
<p>The area that is now Sandisfield was first settled in 1740s. One of the early settlers was Daniel Brown, whose house is recorded as standing on this site in 1752. He is also later recorded as being an innkeeper. The architecture of the ell is consistent with the idea that it constitutes in large part the house that Brown built. Brown&#39;s son Sanford, who took over the property in 1792, was likely responsible for the construction of what is now the main portion of the inn. The inn flourished economically, in part because it was on the main stagecoach route between Hartford, Connecticut and Albany, New York. Although business declined as the expansion of railroads led to a decline in business on the stage routes, the inn was updated around 1885 to a "country hotel". It was revitalized with the advent of increased automobile traffic in the 1920s, which brought tourists to the area.</p><br>
<p>New Marlborough Village is a historic district encompassing the heart of the oldest village in New Marlborough, Massachusetts. It includes properties on Massachusetts Route 57, New Marlborough, Monterey and Southfield Roads. It was the town&#39;s civic heart through the late 19th century, and retains character from that period. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>New Marlborough was settled in 1740 by Benjamin Wheeler, who built a house in what is now the village center area that still stands. The village center grew nearby his house, and now includes a village green, church, and a number of 18th and 19th century houses. The village declined in economic importance in the late 19th century, as it was supplanted by other villages in the town better sited for industrial activity.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered on the junction of Route 57 with Southfield Road, and extends onto Monterey and New Marlborough Branch Roads. The village green is located north of the junction, with the 1839 Congregational church and the historic tavern on the north side. The district also includes some industrial remains, including those of an 1830s foundry, one of the few instances of industrial activity in the village. Several of the houses are fine examples of Greek Revival architecture. The town&#39;s first cemetery is located at the western end of the village, and just to the north of the church are the foundational remains of a short-lived academy, which operated from 1855 to 1885.</p><br>
<p>The Nichols–Sterner House is a historic house at 428 Swamp Road in Richmond, Massachusetts. Built about 1820, it is one of only two brick houses built in a Federalist-Greek Revival transition style in Richmond. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Nichols–Sterner House is located in a rural setting of northern Richmond, on the north side of Swamp Road, a historically major road connecting Pittsfield and West Stockbridge. It is a -story brick building, with a gabled roof and a south-facing facade. The facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the right bay, framed by pilasters and topped by a keystoned round-arch transom window. The gable above is fully pedimented, with a keystoned half-round window at its center. A contemporaneous -story brick ell extends to the right from the rear corner. The interior retains original Federal woodwork, including fireplace mantels, doors, and trim. The main hall&#39;s trim has been given a marbleized finish, and its walls are painted with scenes of the Erie Canal. This artwork is the work of Albert Sterner, the second occupant of the house.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1820 and occupied for over 100 years by the local Nichols family. In 1925, the house was sold to Flora Lash Sterner, wife of artist and illustrator Albert Sterner. The Sterners used the house as a summer residence until Albert&#39;s death in 1946. Mrs. Sterner did not use the house thereafter, and it suffered from the neglect. She sold the house in 1981, and the new owners undertook steps to restore the property.</p><br>
<p>The Norad Mill is a historic mill located in Braytonville, North Adams, Massachusetts. It is the oldest mill complex in North Adams that has not had its exterior significantly altered, making visible much of its Italianate styling.</p><br>
<p>In 1831 the land, owned by Luke Brown, had been purchased for $520 by William E. and Thomas A. Brayton, and in 1832 a stone mill 40 x 74 feet, three stories high, with an attic was constructed. Larger print cloths, 52 by 52 feet were manufactured on twenty looms under the name of T.A. Brayton & Co. The factory village, known as Braytonville, grew around the new mill and was briefly named Deweyville, after Daniel Dewey, in 1863 and until his retirement in 1868.</p><br>
<p>The Norad Mill was built in 1863 by Sanford Blackinton, one of North Adams&#39; leading mill owners, and Daniel Dewey, the prime mover in forming the North Adams Woolen Company. Blackinton used the mill to produce woolen goods that were in high demand during the American Civil War. The business was reorganized as the North Adams Manufacturing Company in 1878, with H.G.B.Fisher taking over as President and E.B. Penniman as Treasurer and Agent. At that time the works had fifty looms, employing 275 hands and turned out 20,000 yards of six-quarter fancy cassimeres per month.</p><br>
<p>The mill continued to be the site of woolen textile production, under a variety of corporate names, until 1947. In 1954 the Excelsior Printing Company began operations in the facility; it was acquired by Crane & Co., which (as of the 1985 National Register nomination), continued to operate that business under its original name. In 2005 the business and mill complex were purchased by Crane family member David Crane. In 2016 the printing business was sold to Integrity Graphics which has consolidated operations elsewhere. The mill complex includes, in addition to the main mill building, several 19th century extensions and a storehouse erected in 1904. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The mill is located one mile west of downtown North Adams, on the north bank of the Hoosic River at the northeast corner of Roberts Drive and the Mohawk Trail (Massachusetts Route 2). The main mill building is a three-story brick structure, to which a number of smaller additions have been made. The largest scale addition to the building was an 1898 enlargement of the main structure, which maintained the roofline of the original 1863 building, while using more modern curtain wall construction methods.</p><br>
<p>The building has been purchased and partly renovated by commercial landlord Moresi and Associates. New tenants as of 2018 include a yarn company, a wine tasting room and a coffee roastery.</p><br>
<p>The Normal School Historic District is a historic district in North Adams, Massachusetts. It consists of a group of ten buildings located along Church Street, roughly from Bradley Street in the south to Murdock Hall on the campus of the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts  in the north. The buildings represent a period of cohesive development of the area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, shortly after the normal school  was established. It includes nine houses, eight of which are private residences, and one institutional building, Murdock Hall, dating to the inception of the normal school. The tenth building is Smith House, originally known as the Principals House , which is next door to Murdock Hall on the MCLA campus.</p><br>
<p>All of the residential properties, including Smith House, are large Victorian houses. Six are in the Queen Anne style, with porches and turreted sections, while three are in the Colonial Revival style. Murdock Hall was built in 1896 (as was Smith House) and served as the normal school&#39;s main building. It is a rectangular Italianate structure built of yellow brick designed by architect H. Neill Wilson, and features a central pilaster-supported triangular pediment. Smith House is built of the same materials, but with Colonial Revival styling. A dormitory built at the same time has not survived.</p><br>
<p>South of Smith House on the west side of Church Street are three private residences, all built in either 1896 or 1897. The first of these, the Queen Anne style Hawkins House, was built according to a mail-order plan, and features some of the most elaborate woodwork in North Adams. The other five private residences are situated on the east side of Church Street; all but one was built in the early 1890s, before the normal school was established.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>North Becket Village Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic village of North Becket in the Berkshire hill town of Becket, Massachusetts. The village developed rapidly as the main economic and civic center of the town in a 20-year period beginning in 1841 with the arrival of the Western Railroad, and retains many fine examples of Greek Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Becket was laid out by colonists in the 1730s, but was not settled until the 1750s. It was incorporated as a town in 1765, with its town center located at what is now known as Becket Center, at Massachusetts Route 8 and YMCA Road. North Becket Village did not begin growth until the 1820s, when a sawmill was established. Then in 1841 the Western Railroad was completed along the West Branch Westfield River, and North Becket developed rapidly as an economic center. The brooks feeding the Westfield River became a source of water power for a variety of industries, which distributed their goods to market via the railroad. Over a twenty-year period, many of the towns public institutions moved to the village, and a cluster of Greek Revival residences were built on the west side of Main and High Streets. Most of the village&#39;s industries and commercial buildings were wiped out by a flood caused by the breach of a dam on Yokum Brook in 1927, in many cases leaving only foundational remnants.</p><br>
<p>The historic district extends along Main and High Streets, from Pleasant Street in the north to a point south of the junction of South Washington State Road and Main Street. It covers about 40 acre, and has 35 historically significant buildings. Most of these are residences, 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 stories in height, of wood frame construction, and Greek Revival in style. Only two commercial buildings survived the 1927 flood. Prominent public buildings include the Baptist Meetinghouse (1844) and Second Congregational Church (1850), and Seminary Hall (1855), probably the village&#39;s most architecturally elaborate building.</p><br>
<p>The North Egremont Historic District is a historic district in Egremont, Massachusetts. It encompasses a crossroads village in the northern part of the town, where the north-south road, now Massachusetts Route 71, connects Kinderhook, New York to points further south, and the east-west road runs from Hillsdale, New York, toward Housatonic, Massachusetts. The district encompasses some 236 acre along these and other roadways near their junction. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Egremont was settled in the mid-18th century, in a basically dispersed rural agricultural pattern. The village of North Egremont began to take shape after a turnpike (now Prospect Lake Road) was built between Hillsdale, New York and Alford, Massachusetts, and another (now Route 71) was built between South Egremont and Kinderhook, New York in 1803. A tavern was built in the area in 1790, and it was served by saw and grist mills on nearby Prospect Lake. A general store opened in 1814; it is still in operation as the Old Egremont Country Store.</p><br>
<p>The oldest property in the area, a house, has elements dating to 1764, and the district includes three historic church buildings, the oldest being a significantly altered Baptist meetinghouse from 1816. The later churches are an 1887 Baptist church, built as a replacement for the first one, and a Methodist church built in the Renaissance Revival style in 1861. The only other notable institutional building is the wood frame clapboarded North Egremont School, built in 1880.</p><br>
<p>The Northeast School  is a historic school building at 981 Summit Road in Richmond, Massachusetts. Possibly built as early as 1791, it is one of the oldest surviving district school buildings in the state. Now maintained by the local historical society, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Northeast School is located in a rural setting of northern Richmond, on the west side of Summit Road just west of its junction with Swamp Road. It is a single-story wood-frame structure with a gabled roof. The main portion of the building measures 24.5 x, and there is an extension on the north end that measures 16 x. The basic construction is post and beam, and the building received significant restorative work in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The exact construction date of the school is unclear, but is probably 1791. Town records indicate that a school building was standing near this road junction (known as Stevens Corners) in 1791, with no mention of earlier schools. No substantive repairs or reconstructions are recorded until 1802, when a stove was installed, and 1808, when additional repairs were ordered. The schoolhouse remained in use until 1937, when a new townwide school was opened. It was sold and used by farmer for storage and as a pighouse. In 1993 the Richmond Historical Society acquired the building, restored it, and moved it across the street to its present location. Of the town&#39;s six district schools built, it is the best preserved, and the only surviving one that has not been readapted for residential use.</p><br>
<p>The Old Central Fire Station is a historic fire station at 66 Allen Street in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1895, it is the city&#39;s oldest surviving fire station, and a prominent local example of Romanesque architecture. The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, It now houses offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Pittsfields former Central Fire Station is located roughly behind the Old Town Hall in the citys downtown Park Square area. The building is constructed primarily of brick in a Richardsonian Romanesque style. It is two stories in height, with a 60 ft hose drying tower at one corner. It has four equipment bays, the outer ones set in large round-arch surrounds, and the inner ones set in segmented-arch openings. It was the first city station equipped for the stabling of horses on its premises.</p><br>
<p>The stations general location has been used since about 1844 as a site for fire companies. A previous building, located across the street, was destroyed by fire in 1859. After construction of this building in 1895 the old building housed the Veteran Firemans Association; it was demolished in the 1930s. This building was built in 1895 to a design by E.J. Cowell, the city&#39;s building inspector. Cowell had a reputation as a designer of local houses. The building was used as a fire station until 1976, and thereafter as a city vehicle storage facility. It now houses the offices of a local economic development agency.</p><br>
<p>The Old Central High School is a historic school building at 99 2nd Street in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1898, it is one of the most architecturally elaborate school buildings in the city. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is now residential housing.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Pittsfield&#39;s Old Central High School is located northeast of the city center, on the east side of the old town common. It is a U-shaped 3-1/2 story masonry structure, finished primarily in cream-colored brick, with marble trim and terra cotta detailing. It has a hipped roof pierced by dormers, and is set on a high sandstone foundation. Its centered entrance is flanked by Corinthian columns and topped by a full entablature with balustrade. The interior design echoes the color schemes of the exterior.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the school stands was originally part of Pittsfields first cemetery, whose graves were relocated to the Pittsfield Cemetery on Wahconah Street between 1850 and 1872. When the citys previous high school burned down in 1895, the city held a design competition for its replacement. Of 130 designs submitted, the city selected one by the New York City firm of Pierce & Brun. It was completed in 1898 at a cost of $200,000, well over the $135,000 it had been estimated to cost. A new high school was built in 1931, after which this building became a junior high school. It sat vacant from 1953 to 1959, and in 1961 became the first home of Berkshire Community College. It has since been converted to residences.</p><br>
<p>Old Curtisville Historic District encompasses the village center of Interlaken in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. It is historically significant as the site of the first wood-based newsprint paper mill in the United States, and has a well-preserved collection of late 18th and early 19th-century architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area now known as Interlaken, is located in northern Stockbridge, between Stockbridge Bowl (originally Lake Mahkeenac) and Lake Averic (also known as Echo Lake), which is the town of Stockbridges water supply. Massachusetts Route 183 transects the community north to south. The road roughly parallels Larrywaug Brook, the outflow of Stockbridge Bowl. In the 18th century, this section of brook was developed industrially, and by the 1820s had at least seven mills, a foundry, distillery, and a thriving village center. The village was bypassed by the railroad, which ultimately led to the failure of many of these enterprises. It saw a brief resurgence in its economy after the American Civil War, when the Pagenstacher Paper Mill, the nations first wood-pulp paper mill, operated here. Like the earlier business, it eventually left the village due to the poor transit situation. Around the turn of the 20th century the village began to be seen as part of the Berkshire&#39;s summer resort area. Its post office was renamed from Curtisville to Interlaken in 1902.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is roughly triangular in shape, its main axes on Interlaken Road (Route 183), Train Hill Road, and Averic Road. It is about 170 acre in size, with 53 historically significant buildings, and the ruins of upward of twenty water-based mills. Among ts noteworthy historic buildings are the Interlaken Congregational Church (1824), the Citizens Hall (1870), and the Bancroft-Curtisville Hotel, once the location of the St. Helens Home. The church and hotel are now private residences and the hall is the site of the IS 183 Art School of the Berkshires. St. Helens Home was sponsored by the New York Tribunes Fresh Air Fund in the opening decades of the twentieth century. The Fund enabled children from some of New York Citys poorest neighborhoods to experience several weeks of summer respite in rural locations in upstate New York and New England.</p><br>
<p>The Old Town Hall is a historic building on Park Square in the heart of downtown Pittsfield, Massachusetts. This 1832 building served for 135 years as the center of municipal government. Built in the Federal style to serve as the town hall, it became City Hall when Pittsfield became a city in 1891, serving in that role until 1968. It is the city&#39;s oldest municipal building.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Pittsfields Old Town Hall is located on the north side of the citys Park Square, between the First Congregational Church and St. Stephen&#39;s Episcopal Church. It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of load-bearing brick that has been stuccoed and painted. It has a side-gable roof with a balustrade with alternating panels and baluster groups, and there is a slightly projecting center section on its front (south-facing) facade. This projecting section, three bays wide, is topped by a fully pedimented gable. Chimneys are located at the ends of the building. Windows are 16-over-12 sash, and the main entrance is topped by an eight-light transom.</p><br>
<p>The hall was built by the town in 1832, and served as town hall until 1891, when the town was rechartered as a city. It served as city hall until 1968, when city offices moved to their present facilities in the former post office on Allen Street. In addition to housing city offices, the building has also housed post office facilities, banks, and served briefly as the county courthouse. The building received a major addition in 1896, but this was removed when the city offices were moved to the current city hall in 1968, and the building was restored to its earlier Federal appearance. The building now houses professional offices.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Osborn House was a historic house off West Street in Mount Washington, Massachusetts. Built about 1759, it was a modest vernacular Georgian Cape style house. It was notable as a site where Shaker founder Mother Ann Lee stayed in 1781. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It was owned by the state, and located in Mount Washington State Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Osborn House was located down a long, wooded (and now abandoned) drive on the east side of West Road in Mount Washington, just to the east of a more modern, abandoned house. It was a -story wood-frame structure, three bays wide, with a side-gable roof, clapboard siding, and a central chimney. Its exterior was devoid of significant stylistic elements. The interior had mainly 20th-century finishes, although the building&#39;s post and beam structure was visible. Its original two fireplaces had been replaced by a single one. The property includes an unmaintained orchard with trees estimated to be over 150 years old, and the Osborn family cemetery, located near West Street.</p><br>
<p>The house was probably built not long after Benjamin Osborn bought a large tract of land here in 1759. Shaker founder Mother Ann Lee stayed at the farmhouse during her May 1781 missionary journey to Tucconack Mountain (renamed Mount Washington, following the American victory in the American Revolutionary War). She is reported to have stayed in the area for about ten days, attracting large numbers of both sympathizers and detractors.</p><br>
<p>The house was acquired by the state in 1958, and was part of Mount Washington State Forest.</p><br>
<p>The Osborn House, and the other nearby building, were struck by fire on December 15, 2019, as was a private residence in the vicinity. The historic Osborn House was totally destroyed, and the fires are regarded by the state Fire Marshal&#39;s office as suspect.</p><br>
<p>The Park Square Historic District is a historic district in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The district is centered on the historic heart of Pittsfield encompassing a number city blocks adjacent to Park Square, which is at the junction of North, South, East, and West Streets.</p><br>
<p>When first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, the district encompassed the park and eight buildings that faced it, including the Old Town Hall, the county courthouse, the Berkshire Athenaeum, and the First Church of Christ. In December 1991, the boundaries were expanded to the area roughly bounded by East Housatonic, South, North and Fenn Streets, and Wendell Avenue, adding 39 buildings to the district. Notable buildings included in this extension include the present City Hall (a repurposed post office building), the Berkshire Life Insurance Company Building, the Allen Hotel, the Berkshire Museum of Art and Natural History, and the Masonic temple.</p><br>
<p>Pittsfield was settled in the 1740s, and was incorporated as a proprietary settlement in 1753. It was given a town charter in 1761. Park Square, the heart of the city, was laid out in 1790 on land donated by John Chandler Williams. It was located near the towns first colonial meeting house, which was erected in 1762. The square was the site of the nations first agricultural fair, held in 1810. In the first half of the 19th century, the community began to develop industrially, principally in the area of paper manufacturing. It became a regionally important hub due to its railroad connections in the mid-19th century, and became the shire town of Berkshire County in 1868, spurring further growth. The commercial districts around the square developed in the late 19th century as a result of this growth.</p><br>
<p>The Park Street Firehouse is an historic fire station in Adams, Massachusetts. It was built around 1890, during the boom of Adams&#39; industrial facilities, and is a prominent local example of Queen Anne Victorian architecture executed in brick. The station, now in commercial use, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Park Street Firehouse is located in the town center of Adams, on the east side of Park Street, between the Armory Block and the Jones Block, two later buildings that dwarf it in height, even though all three are three stories. It is built out of red brick, with ground floor equipment bays altered to support commercial use. The second floor has a band of three sash windows, and the third floor also has three windows, but they are individually set in round-arch openings. The building is particularly distinctive for its window treatments, which include small panes of colored glass in the second floor windows.</p><br>
<p>The Adams Fire District was established in 1872 as a quasi-public fire protection service, dominated by local mill owners. The district&#39;s fire protection services extended to other buildings located in villages near the mills for a fee. This building was the second built for the district, and appears to have been designed as a larger facility than those located in other villages. The upper floors originally housed apartments. Later in the 20th century, the building was adapted for use by an ambulance service. It has since been converted into other commercial uses.</p><br>
<p>Pettibone Farm is a historic farm located on Old Cheshire Road north of the junction from Nobodys Road in Lanesborough, Massachusetts. The development began in the late 1780s, and with a long history of ownership by a single family the Pettibone Farm represents a well-preserved 19th-century rural farm complex. The complex includes the farmhouse and a number of 19th century outbuildings and was even listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is now a home to a summer camp named Camp Mohawk.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Pettibone Farm is located in eastern Lanesborough, with most of its 90 acre located between Old Cheshire Road and Cheshire Reservoir. The centerpiece of the property is the farmhouse, which was built by Jonathan Pettibone, and went through numerous alterations in the 19th century, albeit without sacrificing much of its original Georgian and Federal period character. Located near the house are two 19th-century barns, whose exteriors have been only minimally altered, while the interiors have been adapted for summer camp functions.</p><br>
<p>It was the farmstead of Jonathan Pettibone, a leader of Lanesborough during the American Revolution. Pettibone purchased the property in 1768, and the present farmhouse was built about 1789, either by him or his son Amos, who took over the farm. It remained in the Pettibone family until 1865, when it was sold to Ira Jenks. The Jenks family owned it into the 20th century, when, after a succession of owners, it was acquired by the Schulman family. The Schulmans operate Camp Mohawk on the property.</p><br>
<p>Phillips Woolen Mill is a historic mill at 71 Grove Street in Adams, Massachusetts. With a construction history dating to the mid-19th century, it is a good example of small textile mill complex of that period, containing elements that date from the 1920s potentially back as far as the 1830s. The mill complex was added to the National Historic Register in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Phillips Woolen Mill Complex is located on the west side of Grove Street in southern Adams, near the town line with Cheshire. The main building is a three-story brick structure, with a four-story square tower at its southern end. Attached to this are four other structures, two of brick and one of stone. The sixth structure is a 1920s steel and concrete structure. The mill&#39;s original water power features, including head and tail races, have been filled in.</p><br>
<p>The date of its oldest portions is difficult to assess: when it was clearly associated with the firm of Blackinton and Phillips in the 1850s, it may have already included portions of an earlier millworks on the site, which were known to have been built as far back as 1828. Some portions of the mill show signs of Greek Revival architecture, which was no longer in fashion in the 1850s. Many histories give the mills construction date as 1864, because that is the date it was converted to for use as a woolen mill. Benjamin F. Phillips and Peter Blackinton engaged in a long-running series of partnerships, owning and operating mills in Adams. The partnership was dissolved in 1864, and Phillips took over what was known as the Greylock Woolen Mill. His enterprise manufactured "cashmeres, ladies&#39; dress goods, and shawls" in its facilities into the 1930s, although the company went through a variety of transformations, being known at the end as the Adams Woolen Manufacturing Company.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Whittlesey Power House is a historic house located at 575 South Street in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Built about 1912, this Tudor Revival house and its landscaped setting are a rare local example of the country house style propounded by the English architect Edwin Lutyens. The house was built for Charles Whittlesey Power, a local businessman who also served one term as mayor of Pittsfield. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Power House stands south of downtown Pittsfield on the east side of South Street (United States Route 20), on more than 11 acre just north of the Pittsfield Country Club. It is a rambling -story brick structure, set on a granite foundation that is fully exposed on the eastern side due to the sloping lot. It is roughly L-shaped, with a landscaped circular drive providing access to the house at the crook of the L. Its exterior is characterized by a variety of dormers, projecting and recessed sections, and varying window sizes and shapes. The interior has Federal style fireplace mantels, and includes a basement-level billiard room with a quarry tile floor. A garage is attached, and there is a secondary automobile barn on the property.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1912 for Charles Wittlesey Power, a local businessman who also served one term as mayor of Pittsfield. The style and setting of the house are rare in Pittsfield, although was not uncommon in other areas. Although its architect is unknown, its location and setting follow principles promoted by the English architect Edwin Lutyens, who designed many English country houses.</p><br>
<p>Providence Court, previously St. Lukes Hospital, is a historic former hospital building at 379 East Street in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The Colonial Revival building was constructed in 1926, and was the first Roman Catholic hospital in Berkshire County. St. Lukes merged with Pittsfield General Hospital in 1967 to form Berkshire Medical Center, in the nation&#39;s first mergers between religious and non-sectarian hospitals. The building was converted into elderly housing in 1978–1981. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Providence Court is located on the north side of East Street (Massachusetts Route 9), several blocks east of Pittsfield&#39;s central business district. It is a five-story brick and stone structure, in a T shape with a horizontal block at the front and a long projecting wing to the rear of the center. It is basically Colonial/Georgian Revival in character, with limestone trim that includes corner quoining, window sills and keystones, and belt courses. The ground floor, essentially a raised basement, is finished in rusticated limestone, while the upper floors are predominantly in brick. The main entrance, set between the first and second levels, is sheltered by a limestone portico with Tuscan columns.</p><br>
<p>The Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield decided in 1916 to establish a hospital in Pittsfield, and dedicated a facility in two converted residences the following year. This space proving inadequate, the diocese purchased the Allen estate on East Street, and converted the estate house into a maternity ward. The present building was constructed on the grounds of the former Allen estate between 1923 and 1926, to design by ecclesiastical architect John W. Donohue of Springfield. It was operated as St. Luke&#39;s Hospital until 1967, when it was merged with Pittsfield General Hospital to form what is now known as Berkshire Medical Center. The Pittsfield General facility was enlarged in 1976, and this building was closed. It was purchased by the local housing authority in 1978, and has been converted into elderly housing.</p><br>
<p>Saint Andrews Chapel is a historic chapel on Washington Mountain Road in Washington, Massachusetts. Built in 1899, the stone Gothic Revival structure is the rural communitys finest example of late 19th-century architecture. It was built as a gift of George Crane, and was built next to his estate, Bucksteep Manor. The chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Saint Andrew&#39;s Chapel is located in a rural setting in central Washington, on the east side of Washington Mountain Road south of its junction with Frost Road. It is a single-story masonry structure, built out of randomly coursed local fieldstone and covered by a slate roof. It is basically cruciform in shape, with a square tower project to the side of the street-facing gable end. The sides of the nave are reinforced by buttresses, and the tower is capped by a low hip roof with posts at the corners. A three-part stained-glass window is set in the gable end, depicting Saint Andrew in the center with stylized flowers in the flanking windows.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was designed by Pittsfield architect George C. Harding and was completed in 1899. Harding was then in the early stages of his career, which would include a wide variety of public buildings across New England. The church was built for George Crane, a wealthy New Yorker who summered at the adjacent estate. Services were only held in the chapel when the Cranes were in residence, and ownership of the chapel and Crane&#39;s estate eventually passed to the Episcopal diocese. The chapel was donated to the town of Washington in 1977, and continues to be used as a religious facility.</p><br>
<p>The Richmond Furnace Historical and Archeological District is a historic industrial area located on State, Cone Hill, and Furnace Roads in Richmond, Massachusetts. The industrial history of the site dates to 1763 when the first grist and sawmills were built. In 1829, the first stone furnace was constructed for the production of iron from abundant hematite ore found nearby. It was rebuilt in 1863, and overhauled in 1905 to increase capacity. The area saw industrial iron production until 1923. The historic district also includes several other houses and buildings related to the iron works. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Richmond Furnace district is located in southern Richmond, in an area that is now almost entirely rural in character. It covers an area about 290 acre in size, that is roughly L-shaped. The vertical part of the L is organized around Furnace Brook, which flows roughly south on the east side of. Industrial remnants are found mainly on the east side of the brook, between Furnace Pond (whose dam is crossed by Pilgrim Road) and areas south of Furnace Road. The main furnace is located on private land between Furnace Lane, now a short spur with a few houses on it, and the brook. The base of the L extends further east from this area, including a few more houses and industrial remains, the most prominent a water-filled quarry on the north side of Furnace Road. The eastern extent of the district is on Cone Hill Road, where some industry-related housing stands, as does the Cone Hill Cemetery, where individuals associated with the works are buried. Surviving elements of worker and management housing are found on most of the named roads, with a cluster located on Route 43 near Pilgrim Road.</p><br>
<h2>Site history</h2><br>
<p>In 1829, brothers John H., Charles and George Coffing established the Richmond Iron Works on the site. The Coffings has previously worked at the Salisbury Iron Works in nearby Connecticut. In 1834, a second furnace, 32 feet high x 9.5 feet wide was built at Van Deusenville, in nearby Great Barrington. By 1855, the company used 9,000 tons of ore to produce 3,200 tons of iron.</p><br>
<p>The Van Deusenville furnace operated until 1896. It was dismantled in 1906. By 1908, the Richmond site had an annual capacity of 5,000 tons, and produced pig iron for car wheels and machinery. The main furnace was described at that time as measuring approximately 33 feet tall by 9.5 feet wide at its base.</p><br>
<p>The Renfrew Mill No. 2 was a historic mill complex at 217 Columbia Street in Adams, Massachusetts. Most of its buildings were built between 1867 and 1878, and were brick buildings with Italianate styling. They were built by the Renfrew Manufacturing Company, a textile manufacturer, to replace an earlier complex further down Columbia Street that had been demolished. The property was acquired by the Arnold Print Works in 1928. The mill was the town&#39;s largest employer for much of the second half of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Renfrew Mill No. 2 was located north of downtown Adams, on 15 acre bounded on the north by Lime Street, the east by the Hoosic River, the west by railroad tracks, and the south by the former site of its mill pond. A raceway running parallel to the railroad tracks channeled water from the river to power the mills. The mill complex had 25 buildings, ranging in construction dates from 1867 to the 20th century. Most were of brick construction, ranging in height from one to three stories. The main mill building was a 350 ft three-story building, with an Italianate tower near the center of its western facade. The office, located north of the main structure, was a two-story brick building with Victorian Gothic features.</p><br>
<p>The Renfrew Company was founded in 1867 by local businessmen who were previously engaged in either the textile business or paper manufacturing. The company acquired a large parcel of land, which straddled Columbia Street south of Lime Street. On this they built two mills (neither now standing) and tracts of mill worker housing (some of which survives). The company at first manufactured cotton gingham fabric. The company expanded during the late 19th century, employing more than 2,500 people in Adams and North Adams. The company closed down in 1928, and this facility was purchased by the Arnold Print Works. Arnold went bankrupt in 1981, and the complex was destroyed by fire in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Rising Paper Mill is a historic factory at 295 Park Street North, in the Housatonic village of Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Built in 1873 for H.D. Cone, it is one of the best-preserved examples of period mill architecture in Berkshire County. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. In 2008, the facility was purchased by Hazen Paper, which announced plans to manufacture multi-ply laminated paper for packaging.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Rising Paper Mill is located south of the village of Housatonic, on the east bank of the Housatonic River near the junction of Massachusetts Route 183 (Park Street) and Mountain Road. The complex covers about 30 acre, with significant frontage on both the river and the road. The facility&#39;s dam is located near the north end of the property. It consists of two long three-story brick buildings, which are joined near their centers by a narrower section. The north block is 212 ft and 21 bays in length, while the south block is 145 ft and 14 bays in length. The buildings are covered by mansarded slate roofs, and have elaborate mansarded towers at the corners. The corners are finished with rusticated granite quoining, and there are bands of decorative Greek crosses below the eaves.</p><br>
<p>The mill was built in about 1873 for H.D. Cone, whose intention it was to build the world&#39;s largest paper factory. The buildings are built with exceptionally strong foundations, needed for the heavy machinery used in the papermaking process. Granite for its foundations were quarried at nearby Monument Mountain. The design of the building placed the key Foudrinier machines in the hyphen joining the two main structures, one of which was devoted to the preparation of materials, and the other to finishing the paper.</p><br>
<p>The mill was not entirely finished by Cone, who went bankrupt soon after its construction due to a variety financial reverses. It sat vacant until the turn of the 20th century, when it was purchased by the B.D. Rising Company, which used it to make paper. The Rising Mill became the area&#39;s largest employer after the nearby Monument Mills failed in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>Rock Ridge is a historic house at 48 Tyringham Road in Monterey, Massachusetts. Built in 1898, it is a well-preserved example of a turn-of-the-20th-century summer estate house. The Shingle style house was built in 1898 for Curtis Judd, an Illinois businessman who had grown up in the area. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Rock Ridge is set on a knoll about 0.5 mi north of the village of Monterey. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a rubblestone foundation and an exterior clad in a combination of stone, wooden clapboards, and wooden shingles. It asymmetrical in layout with a gambrel roof, a conical turret, and an expansive porch wrapping around a large part of the house. The interior is virtually unaltered from its period of construction, including original wood finishes and wallpaper. Outbulidings on the property include a period carriage barn.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1898 to a design by Illinois architect Norman Patton for Curtis Judd, a Chicago businessman who had grown up in nearby Lee. The home was judged one of the finest summer estate houses in The Berkshires at the time, and is one of a small number of such houses to survive in Monterey.</p><br>
<p>The Philemon Sage House is a historic house at 69 Sandy Brook Turnpike  in Sandisfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1799 and enlarged in 1827, it is a good local example of Federal period architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Philemon Sage House is located in a rural setting of southwestern Sandisfield, at the southwest corner of Sandy Brook Turnpike and Rood Hill Road.</p><br>
<p>The ell of the house was built in 1799 by Philemon Sage, the son of Stephen Sage, one of Sandisfield&#39;s first settlers. Philemon Sage was a successful rural farmer, operating the tannery and a cheesemaking operation. He also served for a time as the town postmaster, operating the post office out of this house. The main block of the house he built in 1827 to house his large family. The house remained in his family until 1897.</p><br>
<p>Shadow Brook Farm Historic District is a historic district in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, United States. It includes six repurposed farm buildings related to the former Shadow Brook mansion, which was destroyed by fire in 1956. Designed by architect H. Neill Wilson with landscaping by Frederick Law Olmsted, the mansion and farm buildings were built for Anson Phelps Stokes in 1893. Andrew Carnegie acquired Shadowbrook in 1917 and died there in 1919. It served as a Jesuit novitiate from 1922 until 1970. Following the fire, a non-equivalent structure of the same name took its place and currently is home to the Kripalu Center. Today the historic district primarily encompasses Berkshire Country Day School, which acquired its campus from the Stokes family in 1963. The historic district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nathaniel Hawthorne originated the name "Shadow Brook" in reference to a small stream that lies to the west and south of the mansion site. Samuel Gray Ward in 1844 purchased land on the slopes of Baldhead and built a mansion near the site of what was to become Shadowbrook. Ward named his mansion Oakwood.</p><br>
<p>Stokes bought the property in 1892 along with additional land to the south and north, assembling an estate of 1,500 acre. The Oakwood building was demolished except for its east wing, and Stokes built his mansion on a ledge 100 yards (90 m) west and 30 feet (9 m) lower. The new structure, completed in 1893 at a cost of $500,000, was shaped like the letter L with its point aimed south and comprised two dominant styles involving English Tudor timbering and stone.</p><br>
<p>Carnegie had purchased what was regarded at the time to be the second largest private residence in the United States. The estate was among the most prominent examples of the gilded age in the Berkshires. Carnegie died at Shadowbrook in 1919, and the Society of Jesus acquired the property three years later to serve as a novitiate for training Jesuit priests.</p><br>
<h3>Fire and later history</h3><br>
<p>Shadowbrooks main house was destroyed in a fire on March 9, 1956, that claimed the lives of four of its 150 residents. Two more residents subsequently died of injuries from the incident. Because of the buildings high cost for upkeep and other practical difficulties, architectural plans for its replacement had already been made prior to the fire. These designs were criticized by a number of senior Jesuit residents at the time, one of whom described the new building as "a monumental mediocrity."</p><br>
<p>The replacement building, 400 yard west of Shadowbrooks ruins, was completed and in use by 1958 "with a nondescript brick and concrete exterior and much painted cinderblock inside" according to Shea. An editors postscript to Shea&#39;s work notes that in 1970 the novitiate moved to the Boston area. The building then stood empty until 1983 when it was sold to a Hindu ashram that established the Kripalu Center, a yoga, health and wellness retreat center on the property.</p><br>
<p>In 1956 Francis X. Shea, a priest who had trained at Shadowbrook, wrote an account of the Shadowbrook mansion&#39;s history and its destruction which was published posthumously in 2009 by the Society of Jesus.</p><br>
<p>Shaker Farm  is a historic farmstead on Dublin Road in Richmond, Massachusetts. The property is notable as the subject of a book by the Andrewses, The Fruits of the Shaker Tree of Life, in which they document the property&#39;s condition and restoration. The farmhouse was built c. 1795 by Daniel Hand of New Lebanon, New York, and exhibits a number of examples of Shaker craftsmanship. The Andrewses acquired the property in 1937, and devoted the rest of their lives to collecting, documenting, and promoting Shaker heritage. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. As of 1995, the property continues to be owned by Andrews descendants.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Shaker Farm is located in a rural setting of geographically central Richmond, on the east side of Dublin Road about midway between Sleepy Hollow and Lenox Roads. The property consists of 10 acre, primarily open fields, although there are trees around the farmstead. The farmstead includes four buildings: a house, barn, shed, and privy. The house is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. The rear roof has a lower pitch than the front, giving the house a saltbox profile, although there is architectural evidence it was not always that way. The main facade, which faces south, is three bays wide, with the main entrance at the center. It has a board-and-batten door fastened with wrought iron hinges and latches. The door is not original to the house, but was salvaged from a Shaker house. The interior retains a significant number of original features, such as some wide pine flooring, but these have in part been replaced or augmented by restorative work performed by the Andrewses, often by salvage from other Shaker buildings.</p><br>
<p>The property the house stands on was part of a land grant made in 1762 to Joseph Dwight. After multiple divisions and resales, the 10-acre parcel was sold to Daniel Hand, who built the house soon afterward. It was purchased in 1937 by Edward Deming Andrews and his wife Faith, with the house in extremely deteriorated condition. They spent the next two years undertaking its restoration, a process documented in The Fruits of the Shaker Tree of Life, which has undergone maintenance and some additional stabilization work since then. The barn, built in the early 19th century, was also restored, and a more modern addition was made to it. The Andrewses were influential in the rediscovery and popularization of the aesthetics of Shaker craftsmanship, and Shaker Farm was featured in a number of magazine articles on the subject.</p><br>
<p>The Sheffield Center Historic District encompasses the historic village center of Sheffield, Massachusetts. The village extends linearly along United States Route 7, roughly between Maple Avenue and Berkshire School Road, and includes the towns major civic and religious buildings. The areas principal period of development was between 1760 and the 1890s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Sheffield is located in southwestern Massachusetts, just north of the border with Connecticut. Its first area of permanent European settlement, established in 1726, was in the Sheffield Plain area, north of the present center. A village developed there, and at Ashley Falls, several miles to the south. Wanting a more centrally-located meeting house, Sheffields citizens erected the present Old Parish Church near its current location in 1760. From this beginning, the center gradually grew in importance as the towns principal focus for civic, economic, and religious affairs.</p><br>
<p>The building that serves as town hall was built as a commercial building c. 1825 and acquired by the town in 1878; it is a fine Greek Revival stone structure with marble quoining. Other civic buildings include the library, Dewey Memorial Hall (a community center), the town&#39;s first high school, and the old Sheffield Academy building, which was originally in the Plain village. When the Housatonic Railroad was laid through the town in the 1840s, a station was placed in the center; the only surviving elements of this area freight house (still in its original location), and the passenger depot (relocated onto US 7). Most of the housing in the village is -story wood-frame construction, in a diversity of 18th to late 19th century architectural styles. Three brick houses from the Georgian (18th century) period are notable for their state of preservation.</p><br>
<p>The Sheffield Plain Historic District encompasses the original 18th-century village center of Sheffield, Massachusetts, United States. The linear district extends southward about 0.5 mi from the junction of United States Route 7 and Cook Road, where the original town common is located. The district was primarily developed in the mid-18th and early 19th centuries. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Sheffield is located in southwestern Massachusetts, just north of the border with Connecticut. The Plains district is a particularly fertile intervale on the west side of the Housatonic River, which roughly bisects the town. This area was purchased from the local Mahicans in 1724, and the first settler, Matthew Noble, in about 1726 built the first house in what is now Sheffield roughly where Cook Street at US 7 meet; it survives as an ell to a later house. Development proceed gradually, with the north-south road (now US 7) as the main traffic artery. The towns first meeting house was probably built just west of the training ground (now the roughly triangular park bounded by Cook, US 7, and Old Mill Pond Road) in 1735. The home of Rev. Jonathan Hubbard, the communitys first minister, was built in 1740, and still stands as an ell to an 1810 house on US 7.</p><br>
<p>The area saw a second spurt of growth following the establishment of a turnpike in 1801, which generally followed the alignment of US 7. It had all the trappings of a town center, with shops and taverns, and the 1840 Sheffield Academy, a school whose building was later moved to Sheffield Center. The development of a railroad along the Housatonic River valley, however, spelled the end of the Plains importance, as the train station was located further south. The towns civic and religious focus moved to the Center, and little development has taken place in the district since the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s focal point is the triangular common at Cook Road and US 7. A linear collection of buildings extends southward on both sides of US 7 from that intersection, meeting more modern development about 0.5 mi to the south. All of the buildings are 1-1/2 or 2-1/2 stories in height and of wood frame construction, and are residential or residential-commercial in use. They are all typically vernacular interpretations of Georgian, Federal and Greek Revival styling, sometimes with modest Victorian embellishments that were added later.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Shepard House is a historic house at 764 East Hill Road in New Marlborough, Massachusetts, United States. It is one of the older homes in New Marlborough , and is one of three 18th century houses on a 3 mi stretch of East Hill Road, which was then one of only three roads in the town. Thomas Shepard, for whom it was built, was a major figure in the town&#39;s early history. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Thomas Shepard House is located in a rural setting of eastern New Marlborough, on the north side of East Hill Road, west of its junction with Windemere Road. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof, two interior chimneys, and a clapboarded exterior. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance framed by sidelight windows and a corniced entablature. Most windows are rectangular sash, topped by projecting cornices, while that above the entrance is a three-part window with narrow sash windows flanking a larger central one. The main roof line has a line of dentil moulding at the cornice. The house has retained most of its architectural work, although its roof was converted from a hip roof to a gable end roof in the 19th century, before being restored to its original form.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1798 by John Collar, a regionally prominent builder whose surviving houses are known for their quality workmanship. Thomas Shepard, for whom it was built, was one of four brothers who were early settlers of New Marlborough, arriving by 1768. The Shepards and the Hartwells, its next owner, were both involved in the establishment of the Baptist Church in New Marlborough. It is possible that the Baptists meetings were held in the large chamber on the second floor of this house; the congregation did not build a church until 1847.</p><br>
<p>The Eber Sherman Farm is a historic farmstead located at 1010 State Road in North Adams, Massachusetts. Built about 1843, it is a well-preserved example of a local variant of transitional Greek Revival and Italianate architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Eber Sherman Farm is located on the south side of State Road (Massachusetts Route 2) in western North Adams, near the town line with Williamstown. The main house is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, two interior brick chimneys, and a clapboarded exterior. It has a five-bay main facade, with a center entrance flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a transom window. The entry is sheltered by a flat-roof portico with a bracketed frieze supported by fluted columns. The building corners feature wide pilasters, and the roof eave is studded by regularly spaced decorative brackets. A single-story addition extends to the left side, with a porch across its front.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in about 1843 by Eber Sherman, son of William Sherman (whose farm lay adjacent, and has a similar house), around the time he purchased his father&#39;s farm, then over 300 acre. It lay in a part of Williamstown that was transferred to North Adams as part of a municipal boundary adjustment in 1900. Eber Sherman ran a dairy operation on the farm, and his son sold the property in 1862, after which it went through a succession of owners.</p><br>
